In a study published in the journal Science, Eyal Frank, an environmental economist and assistant professor at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, sought to quantify the human health impacts of biodiversity loss. He analyzed the effects of a significant decline in insect-eating bat populations across North America that started in 2006 due to a deadly disease known as white-nose syndrome.

By analyzing annual data after 2006 in numerous U.S. counties, Frank noted that chemical insecticide use by farmers had increased by about 30 percent, on average. During that same time period in the same counties, infant mortality rates due to internal causes (i.e., neither accidents nor homicides) rose by nearly 8 percent.

The study highlights the direct benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human well-being, “where interactions between natural enemies—insect-eating bats and crop pests—allow farmers to use lower amounts of toxic substitutes,” says Frank, who further noted that by improving our understanding of how changes in biodiversity affect human well-being, we can better design and implement conservation policies.